D.M.Volodihin - The two histories
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the article provides a detailed critique of the “new chronology” school which was presented on the “Culture” TV channel, as well as other representatives of “folk history”. The critique is based on the thesis of intellectual poverty of such pseudohistorians, as well as the factors in modern society which allow for pseudohistorical views to find a place in the modern culture and gain mass media coverage. The true goals of “folk-history” proponents is successful commercialization of historical research. It is quite obvious that their actions accelerate the forming of “diet history”, “bubblegum history” for the unthinking consumer.

E.B. Rashkovskiy - Just one village: notes on the brims of “Buzharovo village and its surroundings. Past and present.”
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the article analyzes the fruits of historical research of the “Bruzhalovo village and its surroundings. Past and present” book (M.:Smireniye, 2012) which studies the Bruzhalovo village and its surrounding landscape in the Istrinskiy district of Moscow region (other researcha ttempts dated at 1920s and the turn of XX and XXI centuries). This research is characterized as one of the turning points in deep and broad-viewed study of Russia’s cultural history.

E.G. Istomina - The role of Volzhskiy water transport basin in forming of the regional social and economical space during the second half of XIX-th and the beginning of XX-th century
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the Volzhskiy water transport basin is a paramount transport and economic system which affected the development of several branches of industry and agriculture, as well as the placement of industrial and social sites. Freight transport across Volga and its many confluents (Kama, Sura, Oka, etc.) have essentially formed an “industrial orbit” consisting of vast territories and massive human reserves, presenting perfect conditions for production of goods and development of foreign trade, as well as reinforcing and stimulating communication. The functioning of Volzhskiy water transport basin during the second half of XIXth and the beginning of XXth century has affected the economical development of the European part of Russia.

L.A.Fadeev - Shock labour and the Stakhanovite movement in mechanical engineering during the first Soviet five-year plans for the national economy
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the article explores socialist competition as one of the premier stimulating factors in Soviet engineering institutions during the first pre-war five-year national economy plans. Shock labor and Stakhanovite movement analysis allows to determine the correlation between the scale and role of an engineering institution (factory) in Russian economy with the role and the efficiency of competitive practice, basing the research on archive data.

S.A.Voronin - Asia or Europe? Russia, in search for the self. Few thoughts on what is important
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the article deals with the search of Russian statehood identity. The author contemplates on the definitions of “despotism” and “democracy” from both, modern and historical perspective and attempts to determine if Russia’s political future lies with the Western, or the Eastern political model. He analyzes the main vectors of social, economical and political development of global civilization and Russia as its part; models of globalization, comparison of traditional and liberal values, the concept of “melting pot” and “unity and diversity”. The author attempts to unveil the lines of demarcative rifts between civilizations, to determine the axiological component of Russian statehood and its correlation with global axiological concepts. The author attempts to formulate a set empirical rules to help determine Russian statehood identity, and to formulate its new implications, basing them on the exploration of points of fusion between the East and the West. The author focuses his attention on issues and vectors of democratic development, the laws and regularities of fading democracy (in the points of its prominence, U.S. and E.U.) and its rise in countries that it was not originally pronounced in (Russia, Islamic Republic of Iran, People’s Republic of China). It seems that those factors will play an important role in determining the distribution of power in the world and Russia’s place in the greater picture.

I.I.Barinov, N.V. Yudin - The making of European expert and analytical societies during World War I (the prospect of Great Britain, France and Germany)
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the article reviews the relations of the ruling circles of leading Western European countries and the emerging Expert and Analytical society during World War I, pointing out the role of various group representatives of the intellectual elite of Great Britain, Franc and, Germany in expert evaluation of international relations. The authors analyze social and political preconditions that determined the course of relationships between governments and the expert society with the background of “office room diplomacy” and strict military censure. The authors determined and compared the situation in different countries and determined that the time frame of World War I, considering it’s controversy, was a turning point in the foundation of expert and analytical societies in Great Britain, France and Germany, because it revealed the increasing influence of the intellectual elite on maintaining legitimacy of ruling regimes and generating collective views and values.

S.V.Volkov - The place and role of aristocracy in traditional society of the Far East
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the article performs a comparative study on the social group of hereditary aristocracy in traditionalistic Far East societies, analyzing the composition and role of aristocracy in Chinese empires of different periods as well as in countries neighboring with China, which shared its political culture during different periods of history. The author attempts to evaluate the magnitude of monopolization of top government administration by aristocracy in Asian societies of different backgrounds.

E.V. Belokurov - Food campaign of 1901–1902: outcome and implications
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in closing of a series, this article summarizes the outcome of the 1901-1902 food campaign, demonstrating the scale of government contribution, as well as its shortcomings which were mainly brought about by the underdeveloped transport infrastructure. The author points out a rather modest influence of individual charity and brings the reader’s attention to the measure of efficiency of the food campaign, evaluating mortality and sickness rates during the food crisis, as well as the general economical background.

T.A. Parhomenko - Prelude to the Stalin era: power struggle and choosing the Leader of the people in 1922–1925
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the article deals with the history of political struggle that took place during the period of V.I. Lenin’s death and resulted in I.V. Stalin’s rise to power, based on the analysis of XII-XVIIth Russian (bolshevik) Communist Party congresses, party conferences and plenums of the Central Committee. XIV Congress realized radical redistribution of power at the top of the Party, elevating Stalin and extrusion of L.D. Trotskiy, L.B. Kamenev and G.E. Zinovyev.

N.B. Selunskaya - Politicization of society in early XX-th century (testimonies of those in power)
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the involvement of Russian population into a democratic election process in early XX-th century played an important role in the political history of this country. Politicization of Russian society was a necessary condition, and one of the manifestations of the birth of a democratic culture, the forming of a political identity of the citizens and their political consciousness. The author explores politicization in the context of interaction between government and society on the basis of introducing the average citizen into the political sphere. The author is basing the research on the testimonies of contemporaries and analyzes a broad number of sources, including written letters of governors to the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Research on this particular kind of documents requires us to pay attention to historical context during research, minding other documents of a different origin, but similar in content. The testimonies of the people in power do not offer an accurate or complete picture of social and political life in early XXth century Russia, but they cannot be ignored by a historian that seeks to understand and explain the motivation of Russian electorate at the very beginning of democratization in our country.

M.S. Volkov - Spanish political elite during the rule of Francisco Franco
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the article studies the political elite of Spain during the General F. Franco regime. The author scrutinizes the political views and career outlooks of the men at the top of the Francist regime. Analyzing the bibliographical material, the author researches the social characteristics (age, education, background) of various groups of Spanish elite of 1960s. The author concludes that, despite the changes in public administration and political course during the Francist regime, traditional traits of the Spanish elite were never lost.

N.G.Abramova, O.S. Petrova - The origins of historical geography as academic discipline. Academic literature on historical geography
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the article deals with the main milestones of the development of Russian historical geography, explaining its emergence and subsequent growth into a separate branch of science and academic discipline. The prolonged period of time required for determining historical geography’s own field of research is explained by the interdisciplinary nature of this field and particular qualities of the object of research. The broadening studies of historical geography have inevitably lead to this discipline being taught in Russian higher education institutions in late XIX-early XX-th century, thus signifying the establishment of a new academic discipline. Relatively young, historical geography has been taught in Russia for slightly more than 100 years. The article reviews available academic literature on historical geography from early XIX-th century to contemporary times.

V.V. Tihonov - The historian N.E. Gorodetskiy and the campaign against “the bastard cosmopolitism”
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by the example of E.N. Gorodetskiy, a famous historian, the article explores the methods of the ideological campaign against the “bastard cosmopolites”. The author follows the immediate course of the anti-cosmopolite campaign (research in various research and training centers, as well as the criticism of the “Mintsin-Razgon-Gorodetskiy” group), basing his research on a broad variety of sources, many of which freshly rediscovered. As a result, the author concludes that this campaign has affected the native historical sciences and played a role in changing the ideological outlook of a part of the intellectual elite towards more anti-Stalin views.

Petrov Yu.I. - Taxation reform during the reign of Alexander II
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the article is based on the monographic researches and covers the topic of tax reform in Russia during the reign of Alexander II. The author gives characteristics of the personality of the Finance Minister Reitern M. Kh. and evaluates his activities in the tax sphere. The author considers the changes in the system of indirect taxation, in the areas of production and sale of alcoholic beverages in particular. The article analyzes the changes in direct taxation in the trade and crafts and their results. Special attention is given to the taxation of peasants, including redemption payments (as a consequence of liberation from bondage and the additional tax burden for them). The author shows the examples of township chiefs’ excessive use of their official position, and how they often appropriate taxes to themselves while widely using the arsenal of measures proved to them by the law to compel peasants to timely payment of fees.

Gaykin V.A. - Police labor union in Soaykay — a management mechanism for Korean community in Japan
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the article raises a question of the Korean community in Japan for the first time in national historiography. The author analyzes the work of quasi-labor union “Soaykay”, created and ruled by the Japanese state and police. The article is devoted to the 90th anniversary of the “catastrophe of the century” in Japan – the Great Kanto Earthquake (1923) and the followed Korean riots. This subject is also important in the context of current situation with the immigration processes and the need to manage the new “Great migration of peoples”.

Vorontsova E.A. - Mobilization of the Russian Industry during the First World War base on the materials of the “News of the Central Military-Industrial Committee”
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the article discusses how the “News of the Central Military-Industrial Committee” newspaper issued by the Central Military- Industrial Committee covered the problem of the industrial mobilization, which was brought up by the leaders united behind the militaryindustrial committees. The newspaper positioned itself as the “All-Russian authority of the mobilized industry” and claimed to reflect upon the full complex of issues and attitudes of the participants of that movement. The detailed analysis of the materials of the newspaper showed that it informed readers on the topics of the military-industrial organizations in sufficient details, gave the idea of the positions of the most politically active part of the bourgeoisie and showed the differences and confrontations between groups in its environment.

Shemyakin F.Ya. - The collapse of the Classic Maya civilization: a mystery or a manifestation of the objective laws?
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the article is based on the winning paper of the First All-Russian Competition for school students on the topic of “History, Culture, Maya Epigraphy”, as held by the Knorozov Center for Mesoamerican Studies of the Russian State University for the Humanities in 2011. The article considers the most complicated and controversial topics in Maya researches: the mystery of the Maya civilization collapse in the 10th century. The author critically analyses the hypotheses solving that problem, formulates his own position and substantiates the conclusion. In his point of view the collapse of the Classic Maya society did not mean the collapse of Maya civilization as such, rather the deepest foundations of the Maya civilization survived after the so-called collapse of the Classical period and during the era of Spanish conquest and in the subsequent period up to the present days.

Vanin V.A., Slezin A.A. - The tendency to romanticize the ideological and educational work of Komsomol in the mid-1950s
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the article is devoted to the characteristic features of ideological and educational activities of the Komsomol in the mid-1950s. Much attention is paid to the controversial effects of the romanticizing. Authors agree with the opinion of Uhl K. on the youth of the “thaw” period as a connective link between the “heroic past” and the “bright future”. The appeal to the patriotic feelings of the youth helped to mobilize them for creative activities. Authors show that the incoherent criticism of the cult of personality of Stalin I.V. coexisted with the increasing of the cult of personality of Lenin V.I., brought up to celebrate the legendary past and to inspire people to build communism.

Rozin V.M. - The three souls of the noble Egyptian of the ancient world: “Ba”, “Ka”, “Ah”
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the article discloses the meanings of the hypostasis of the soul of the ancient Egyptian – “Ba”, “Ka”, “Ah”, soul-name, soulshadow, and their origin. Thus, the genesis of “Ba” shows that its’ understanding goes back to the archaic understanding of the soul. The genesis of “Ka” leads to the practice of “rejecting the lips and eyes”, allowing to create an immortal ancient Egyptian counterpart of the soul. The author proposes the hypotheses about the role of the soul-name and the soul-shadow. The role of the name is clear enough: it allowed to identify a specific person, which was understood in the ancient world as the same as the creation of the world by the word; oblivion of the name was equal to murdering its owner. The article introduces the concept of a “virtual entity”, an idea of the soul-Ka is interpreted as one of the first versions of the virtual subject.

Shinin Î. Â. - Residency of the military intelligence in Vladivostok during the end of the Civil War and the foreign military intervention in the Far East (1920-1922)
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the author researches the problems of military intelligence residencies in Vladivostok (Primorye) during the 1920–1922, the organizational and staff changes, management and classified staffing, collaboration and coordination of intelligence activities of the residencies of central and regional bodies of the Military Intelligence.

Belokurov E.V. - Food Campaign of the 1901–1902: a bad harvest of the 1901 and governmental measures for overcoming it
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the article examines the grounds and scale of the bad harvest in 1901, as well as the efforts of the authorities to overcome the food crisis, which followed. The author analyzes the food campaign regulation orders of the Minister of Internal Affairs Sipyagin D.S, the dynamics of issuing grain loans to the starving people, the organization of public works and the epidemiological situation (scurvy, typhus and other diseases) in the provinces affected by the crop failure during the spring of 1902.

Bugay N.F., Chebotareva V.G. - German colonists — soviet (Russian) Germans: the paradoxes of Russian History
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the article is devoted to the 250th anniversary of the signing of the Manifestos of 4th of December, 1762 and 22nd of July 1763 On Allowing Foreigners to Settle in Russia and on the Free Return of the Russian People, who Fled Abroad by the Empress Catherine II. It reviews the process of the implementation of these legal acts in practice, it shows the specific features of the colonization of the Volga region and Novorossiysk territory during the reign of Catherine II, Pavel I, Alexander I and in later periods. The authors highlight the paradoxes in history of Germans related to the Soviet state building, they describe the progress and effects of their forced displacement during the Soviet period.

Repina L.P. - The memory of the past as an apple of discord or once again on the (inter)-disciplinarity
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Based on the example of the “memorial researches” the article examines a problem of interdisciplinary interaction (competition and cooperation) in the modern social and humanitarian knowledge, analyzes different aspects of theoretical and methodological discussions of the “historical memory” concept, evaluates the results of the development of the interdisciplinary approaches and perspectives of the synthesis of the research prospects in social and humanitarian sciences in the conditions of establishing of a new concept of “interdisciplinarity”.

Petrov Yu.A. - On the concept of the multi-volume academic “History of Russia”
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the article provides an analysis of the reasons for documenting a modern version of Russian history in the form of multivolume fundamental academic publication. It describes the methodological approaches of the authors of this project, discusses the expected effects of its implementation. This publication is intended as a response to the Russian society’s interest in the historical past that was clearly established lately, as reflected in discussions on topical problems of national history in the press and other mass media, in popular literature and journalism. The society expects the historical science to provide an objective coverage of national history, to give professional answers to questions, which arise. The multi-volume “History of Russia” shall become an authoritative scientific publication forming the historical consciousness and national identity, serving as basis for teaching history.

Danilov A.A. - Archival revolution and the new horizons in the studying of postwar national history
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the article analyzes the new sources on the postwar history of the USSR, which became available to the researchers due to their disclosure and publication. Special attention is given to archive documents, memoirs of politicians, and testimonies of the participants of the major events of 1945–1953. The article establishes their information potential.